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Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Banaras

Specific Mechanisms of Drug Resistance

Dr. Deepak Kumar

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3 Enroled Students

5.0 (1 Review)

About the Course

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health concern that compromises the effective treatment of infectious diseases. This topic focuses on the specific molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which microorganisms develop resistance to different classes of antimicrobial agents. It covers drug-specific resistance pathways, including enzymatic drug inactivation (e.g., beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes), alteration of target sites (such as mutations in penicillin-binding proteins, ribosomal subunits, DNA gyrase, and RNA polymerase), reduced drug permeability through porin loss, and active efflux mechanisms. Additionally, it highlights metabolic bypass mechanisms and failure of prodrug activation, as seen in drugs like isoniazid and metronidazole. The topic also emphasizes the genetic basis of resistance, including chromosomal mutations and plasmid-mediated gene transfer, which facilitate rapid dissemination among bacterial populations.